What does Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance predict about how people respond to evidence that challenges their existing beliefs?
2.
In Lord, Ross and Lepper's 1979 study on biased assimilation, what happened when participants with opposing views on capital punishment were shown the same mixed evidence?
3.
What is the key claim of Mercier and Sperber's 'argumentative theory of reason'?
4.
What is the current scientific consensus on the 'backfire effect' first described by Nyhan and Reifler (2010)?
5.
What are 'belief echoes', as described by Thorson (2016)?
6.
What distinguishes Bayesian belief revision from social capitulation?
7.
Explain why identity-connected beliefs are more resistant to evidence-based revision than neutral factual beliefs.
8.
What does Thorson's research on 'belief echoes' suggest about the effectiveness of fact-checking and corrections?