"A Study Shows..." — How to Decode Research Journalism — Quiz

Sumner et al. (2014) found that the majority of exaggeration in science news stories originated from:

A news headline reads: 'Scientists discover that eating chocolate reduces risk of heart disease.' The original paper is an observational study showing that people who eat chocolate daily have lower rates of heart disease. The headline is an example of:

What did the Open Science Collaboration (2015) find when it attempted to replicate 100 published psychology studies?

What is publication bias, and what is its effect on the published research literature?

Unpaywall is a tool that:

Explain the difference between a press release, a peer-reviewed paper, and a preprint, and describe what each one tells you about the reliability of the research it describes.

Describe two structural features of academic publishing that, according to Ioannidis (2005), inflate the rate of false positive findings.

You read a headline: 'Red wine proven to extend lifespan, study finds.' Describe two questions you would ask before deciding how much weight to give this claim.