Contemporary Racial Inequality and Structural Racism — Quiz

1.

According to the United States Sentencing Commission's 2017 report, Black male offenders received sentences approximately how much longer than comparable white male offenders after controlling for offense characteristics and criminal history?

2.

Perry, Rothwell, and Harshbarger (2018) estimate the cumulative appraisal penalty on homes in majority-Black neighborhoods at approximately:

3.

According to the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances cited in this topic, the median wealth of white non-Hispanic households was approximately how many times greater than that of Black households?

4.

Ture and Hamilton's (1967) concept of institutional racism is best defined as which of the following?

5.

Rothstein (2017) documents that as late as 1960, what share of FHA-backed mortgages went to Black borrowers?

6.

Quillian, Pager, Hexel, and Midtbøen's (2017) meta-analysis of field experiments on hiring discrimination between 1989 and 2015 found which of the following?

7.

The 'weathering hypothesis' developed by Geronimus et al. (2006) proposes that:

8.

Victor Ray's (2019) theory of 'racialized organizations' argues that organizations:

9.

Explain what Bonilla-Silva means by 'racial structure' and why this concept leads him to argue that racism is not primarily an ideological error.

10.

Using evidence from the topic, explain why income differences alone cannot account for the Black-white wealth gap.

11.

Describe the 'school-to-prison pipeline' as discussed in this topic, identifying at least two mechanisms through which it operates.

12.

Drawing on at least four of the five domains covered in this topic — wealth, health, criminal justice, education, and labor markets — construct an argument for or against the following claim: 'The persistence of racial inequality in the contemporary United States is best explained by structural factors rather than by the distribution of individual attitudes or behaviors.' Your answer should engage with specific empirical evidence and at least two theoretical frameworks introduced in the topic.