According to Weber, what distinguishes 'domination' (*Herrschaft*) from 'power' (*Macht*)?
2.
Bachrach and Baratz's critique of Dahl's pluralism argued that Dahl's method systematically missed which dimension of power?
3.
Michael Mann's concept of 'infrastructural power' refers to which of the following?
4.
Lipset and Rokkan argued that Western European party systems had 'frozen' around cleavages produced by which two historical transformations?
5.
What does Gilens and Page's (2014) analysis of US policy responsiveness primarily conclude?
6.
In Levitsky and Ziblatt's analysis, how does contemporary democratic backsliding most commonly proceed?
7.
How does Foucault's conception of power differ most fundamentally from the Weberian tradition?
8.
According to Putnam's *Bowling Alone*, what is the primary political significance of declining civic engagement?
9.
Explain why Skocpol's argument to 'bring the state back in' challenged both Marxist and pluralist approaches to political sociology.
10.
What is the difference between 'dealignment' and 'realignment' in the study of electoral change, and what new cleavage does contemporary research identify as increasingly central?
11.
What does Jan-Werner Müller argue is the defining feature of populism, and why does he consider it structurally incompatible with pluralist democracy?
12.
Drawing on at least four theorists or empirical studies from this topic, evaluate the claim that 'formal democratic institutions are insufficient to guarantee democratic outcomes.' Your answer should address both the structural conditions that sustain democracy and the mechanisms through which it can be undermined.